ICAO and FAA definition. A category III A approach is a precision instrument approach and landing with no decision height or a decision height lower than 100ft (30m) and a runway visual range not less than 700ft (200m).
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CAT I relies only on altimeter indications for decision height, whereas CAT II and CAT III approaches use radio altimeter (RA) to determine decision height. An ILS must shut down upon internal detection of a fault condition.
The first digit in the number uses the actual bearing and the second digit is rounded off to the nearest degrees. The last number in the degree is always dropped. So if a runway number is 27, it means that the direction of the runway is 270-degrees from North.
Generally, a typical runway length for a fully loaded Boeing 747-400, one of the most common variants, is around 10,000 to 12,000 feet (3,048 to 3,658 meters) for takeoff.
DCA and LGA are Level 3 airports with primarily domestic or pre-cleared international operations. Allocations are on a continuing basis based on historic slots, a two-month minimum usage requirement, and other provisions in the FAA order and rules.