What is a Greek temple with statues as columns?

A Caryatid is a name given to a column in the form of a standing female figure. The most famous Caryatids are from the Erechtheion on the Acropolis of Athens. The Erechtheion is a marble temple building in the Ionic order and was considered the most sacred part of the Acropolis.



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Lesson Summary. In ancient Greek architecture, caryatids are sculpted female figures used in place of columns as a support on buildings. Sometimes called korai or maidens, the form evolved from very stylized figures in early Greek art.

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The Doric order was much used in Greek Revival architecture from the 18th century onwards; often earlier Greek versions were used, with wider columns and no bases to them. The ancient architect and architectural historian Vitruvius associates the Doric with masculine proportions (the Ionic representing the feminine).

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The open end of the porch, or portico, is then supported by between one and four columns in antis, that is to say, “between the antas.” The temples so constructed are called henostyle (one column), distyle (two columns), tristyle (three columns), or tetrastyle (four columns).

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The colonnade is one of the main features of Greek architecture. Some modern buildings that are based on this style include the Oslo Trading Building in Norway, the Ionic order columns that flank the Chamber of Commerce in Dougherty County, Georgia and the columned porches of old Southern plantations.

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Greek temples are often categorized in terms of their ground plan and the way in which the columns are arranged. A prostyle temple is a temple that has columns only at the front, while an amphiprostyle temple has columns at the front and the rear.

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