What is aircraft terminology?

The terminology used in aviation is the whole of the concepts and codes uttered by the pilot, co-pilot, flight attendant, cabin crew, tower, traffic controller, etc. during a flight.



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Classifications also correspond closer to the airman certificate categories than they do the aircraft categories.
  • Airplane – Single-engine land or sea or multi-engine land or sea.
  • Rotorcraft – helicopter or gyroplane.
  • Lighter-Than-Air – balloons or airships.
  • Powered Parachutes – land or sea.


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Runways, taxiways and ramps, are sometimes referred to as tarmac, though very few runways are built using tarmac. Takeoff and landing areas defined on the surface of water for seaplanes are generally referred to as waterways.

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Aviators often speak “pilot English” to avoid miscommunications over radio transmission. “Tree” for instance, means three, “fife” is the number five and “niner” means nine, says Tom Zecha, a manager at AOPA. The variations stemmed from a desire to avoid confusion between similar-sounding numbers, he says.

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The basic configurations are (1) single runways, (2) parallel runways, (3) intersecting runways, and (4) open-V runways.

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From aviation maintenance to air traffic control, there is no limit to the bounds that humans are willing to go to keep the skies safe. However, there are a few different types of aviation, with three being the main pillars that uphold the aviation industry as a whole: commercial, general, and military aviation.

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Welcome – Long flight Ladies and gentlemen, good morning / afternoon / evening. Welcome on board (flight reference). This is Captain / Co-pilot (your name) speaking and I have some information about our flight.

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Essentially, the RWYCC is a number, from 0 to 6, which represents the slipperiness of a specific third of a runway and provides a standardized “shorthand” for reporting this information. A RWYCC of 0 corresponds to an extremely slippery runway and 6 corresponds to a dry runway.

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The letters, differentiate between left (L), right (R), or center (C) parallel runways, as applicable: For two parallel runways “L” “R.” For three parallel runways “L” “C” “R.”

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Larger airports usually have several runways in different directions, so that one can be selected that is most nearly aligned with the wind. Airports with one runway are often constructed to be aligned with the prevailing wind.

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The word heavy means a larger aircraft type, with a Maximum Takeoff Weight of 160 tonnes or more. These aircraft create wake turbulence from their wings and require extra separation between following aircraft, and the use of heavy reminds other pilots of that fact.

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A Proper Takeoff Call First, let them know who you are, where you are, and then what you'd like to do. Try to give them as much information as possible so they can plan appropriately.

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