In Japan, particularly on the Shinkansen (bullet trains) operated by JR Central, JR West, and JR Kyushu, "oversized luggage" is strictly defined as any bag with total dimensions (length + width + height) exceeding 160 cm (about 63 inches) but no more than 250 cm (about 98 inches). As of 2026, passengers carrying such luggage are required to make a specific reservation for a "seat with an oversized baggage area" or a "seat with an oversized baggage compartment." This rule applies to the Tokaido, Sanyo, and Kyushu Shinkansen lines. If you board without a reservation, you may be charged an "on-board baggage fee" of 1,000 yen, and your luggage might be moved to a different area. Bags under 160 cm do not require a reservation and can usually be stored on the overhead racks. This system was introduced to manage cabin space and ensure safety as passenger numbers increased. Standard "large" checked suitcases often fall just under the 160 cm limit, so it is vital to measure your gear before travel to avoid unexpected fees.