The Japan Rail (JR) Pass is famous for its value, but it has several notable exclusions that catch travelers off guard. Most importantly, it does not cover the "Nozomi" and "Mizuho" trains, which are the fastest and most frequent Shinkansen services on the Tokaido, Sanyo, and Kyushu lines. To ride these, pass holders must pay a significant supplemental fee. Additionally, the pass cannot be used on private, non-JR rail lines (such as the Odakyu line to Hakone or the Tobu line to Nikko), though some "inter-running" sections require a small surcharge. The pass also excludes local subway systems in cities like Tokyo and Osaka, as well as highway buses (though some JR-branded buses are covered). Lastly, if you are traveling with "oversized baggage" (total dimensions over 160cm), you must reserve a specific seat in advance; failure to do so results in a 1,000 yen fine that is not covered by the pass.