A hailed taxi is a taxi that you flag down on the street or that you board at a taxi rank such as Amsterdam Central Station or Schiphol Airport.
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Look for the light – if the roof light on top of the cab is lit, the taxi is available for service. Raise your arm to “flag” the cab, and do your best to make eye contact with the driver. Be prepared to let the driver know where you're headed.
In California, the Unruh Civil Rights Act “protects all persons against arbitrary and unreasonable discrimination by a business establishment.” The City of Los Angeles has an additional law that applies directly to taxis at LAX: “Drivers when 'first up' at a taxicab stand shall not refuse to transport any passenger ...
When you see a cab, stretch your hand in the air. Some people give a little wave, some don't. But if you do wave, know that once is enough. If you make eye contact and see the car heading toward you, you can put your hand down.
The best thing to do is give them a visual point of reference where to stop. It is not rude to want to be dropped off at an exact spot. Remember the driver doesn't know you and your routine so they rely on you to say where to go. Polite would be giving them time to safely move and stop where you would like to be.
The rule derives its name from the tradition by which a hackney carriage driver at the head of a queue of taxicabs is obliged to take the first passenger requesting a ride.