Method 2 Drift-Down Escape Routes are used to calculate a safe route through terrain in excess of the MORA elevation down to the applicable drift-down flight level for the aircraft in the event of engine loss.
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Method 1 is better if you only file with a call sign on some flights, or file using different call signs, and Method 2 is better if you always file with the same call sign for a given aircraft.
FARs stipulate the need for a minimum of two pilots on the flight deck. This is expressed throughout the regulations, including those pertaining to the division of responsibilities, aircraft and system design standards, duty limitations, and computer and flight operation monitoring.
In aviation, the rule of three or 3:1 rule of descent is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent.
Cruise ships are not designed to be able to refuel while they are out at sea and it is incredibly unlikely that a cruise ship would run out of fuel and be unable to find somewhere to dock to refuel. If this did happen the passengers and crew would have to be evacuated either using lifeboats or by air.
In calm waters, ships often can be towed safely to the nearest shore. In rough seas, other options would be considered. Abandoning ship really is a last resort, as moving passengers from one ship to another on the open sea can be dangerous, particularly in inclement weather. As is ordering passengers into lifeboats.
Some of the engines are always running, since the ship always needs power. Most of them are off in port, since we don't need propulsion (unless it's a tender port) and power demand is low due to most people being off the ship.
Wake turbulence poses a major risk to other aircraft, so pilots and ATC use the term “heavy” in radio transmissions as a reminder that the aircraft's wake may be dangerous to others passing behind or below the flightpath of these larger-mass aircraft.
What Are Part 135 Operations? Part 135 operations are a set of FAR guidelines relevant to non-scheduled, commercial aircraft operations. These can include air taxi flights and private air charters, among other types of transactional private jet situations.