A "strict" carry-on size in 2026 is generally defined by the 22 x 14 x 9 inches (56 x 36 x 23 cm) standard. This measurement includes wheels, handles, and any protruding pockets. While many travelers previously relied on "flexible" enforcement, airlines are increasingly using automated gate sizers and AI-driven cameras to flag bags that exceed these limits. On budget carriers like Spirit or Ryanair, the "strict" size for a free personal item is even smaller, typically requiring it to fit entirely under the seat in front of you (often around 18 x 14 x 8 inches). If your bag is even half an inch over, you may be forced to gate-check it and pay a heavy fee. To be safe, look for luggage specifically marketed as "International Carry-On," as these are built to the slightly smaller dimensions required by non-US airlines, ensuring your bag fits into the overhead bins of almost any aircraft in the world.