If a usable precision approach is available: 600' ceilings AND 2 SM of visibility. If only a non-precision approach is useable: 800' AND 2 SM of visibility. If no instrument approaches are available: Descent from the MEA and landing must be conducted under basic VFR.
The Twelve-Five Standard Security Program (TFSSP) outlines requirements for FAA Part 135 certificated carriers offering commercial air transport using aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff weight between 12,500 pounds (5,670 kg) and 100,309.3 pounds (45,500 kg).
An altitude of 500 feet above the surface, except over open water or sparsely populated areas. In those cases, the aircraft may not be operated closer than 500 feet to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure.
1000 ft rule. An aircraft must maintain an altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet of the aircraft over any congested area of a city, town, or settlement, or over any open air assembly of persons.
The 40:1 surface is calculated out to 22.09 nautical miles from the runway end within an arc of 180° centered along the runway centerline extended. These requirements are part of FAR Part 77.23(a)(3). This is TERPS criteria. The standard aircraft departure climb gradient (CG) is 200 feet per nautical mile.
They won the '1,500 hour' rule, flight time required before a pilot could be hired as a first officer at a commercial airline. This was adopted even though both Colgan Air pilots had.. more than 1,500 hours. The rule wasn't meant to prevent future Colgan Air disasters. It was meant to make it harder to become a pilot.