In aviation, the rule of three or 3:1 rule of descent is a rule of thumb that 3 nautical miles (5.6 km) of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet (300 m) of descent.
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For a 3 degree glideslope, required rate of descent in feet per minute is approximately equal to ground speed in knots multiplied by 5.
The Twelve-Five Standard Security Program (TFSSP) outlines requirements for FAA Part 135 certificated carriers offering commercial air transport using aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff weight between 12,500 pounds (5,670 kg) and 100,309.3 pounds (45,500 kg).
The 1 in 60 rule states that if you're off course by 1NM after 60 miles flown, you have a 1-degree tracking error. Time to correct that heading! Another tip: If you're 60 miles away from a VOR, and you're off course by one degree, you're off course by one mile.
Rate of descent calculation method 1The resulting number is our approximate descent rate in feet per minute. For example, if our groundspeed is 100 knots indicated airspeed (KIAS), and we multiply it by 5, that would equate to a 500 FPM descent rate to achieve a 3-degree descent angle.
VOR stations are fairly short range: the signals are line-of-sight between transmitter and receiver and are useful for up to 200 nautical miles (370 kilometres). Each station broadcasts a VHF radio composite signal including the mentioned navigation and reference signal, station's identifier and voice, if so equipped.
Total Flight TimeFor those pilots looking to achieve their ATP Certificate, you must have a minimum of 1500 hours of flight experience logged in your logbook. But don't forget that it's not only the number of hours that qualify for certification, it's also the type of flying experience you bring that sets you apart.
You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes through the checkpoint. These are limited to 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. This is also known as the 3-1-1 liquids rule.
As part of the testing of a new aircraft, the manufacturer must demonstrate that all passengers can be evacuated in a short amount of time when an emergency arises - within 90 seconds to be precise. If it doesn't comply, the aviation authorities won't approve its safety certification.
The 40:1 surface is calculated out to 22.09 nautical miles from the runway end within an arc of 180° centered along the runway centerline extended. These requirements are part of FAR Part 77.23(a)(3). This is TERPS criteria. The standard aircraft departure climb gradient (CG) is 200 feet per nautical mile.