Comparing the 737 MAX 8 directly to the 737-800 on numbers alone, it quickly becomes evident that the newer MAX series has a longer range and the ability to carry an extra 18 fare-paying customers in a two-class setup. The MAX 200's high-density layout also allows it to hold more passengers than one-class 737-800s.

The primary differences between the classic Boeing 737 (specifically the Next Generation/NG series) and the 737 MAX 8 are found in the engines, aerodynamics, and cockpit technology. The MAX 8 features newer, much larger CFM LEAP-1B engines that are roughly 14% more fuel-efficient and significantly quieter than the older CFM56 engines. Visually, the MAX 8 is distinguished by its unique split-tip winglets and chevron-patterned engine nacelles. Inside the cockpit, the MAX 8 has four large 15-inch landscape displays, whereas the older 737s use smaller, square screens. Another critical difference is the flight control software; the MAX includes the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS), which was heavily redesigned and updated with redundant sensors following the grounding in 2019. For passengers, the MAX 8 typically offers a more modern "Boeing Sky Interior" and improved cabin pressure, though for pilots, the aircraft share a common type rating, requiring only "differences training" to transition from the older NG models to the newer MAX 8 variant.