What is the effect of the ground effect on landing?

When landing, an airplane will get closer to the ground. The air and pressure distortions between the airplane's wings and the ground will then create additional lift. At the same time, it will reduce the airplane's drag. This all-too-common phenomenon is known as the ground effect.



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Calculation of Landing performance
  • The aircraft landing mass;
  • The surface wind and temperature;<
  • The runway elevation and slope;
  • The runway surface conditions (dry, wet, slippery or contaminated); and,
  • The condition of aircraft wheel-brakes and braking systems.
  • The approach speed increment<


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Pressure, temperature, and humidity have a great influence on aircraft performance because of their effect upon density. There is no rule-of-thumb or chart used to compute the effects of humidity on density altitude, but it must be taken into consideration.

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If anything goes wrong, the likely result is a runway accident, which can have deadly consequences. According to a study published by Boeing Commercial Airplanes, nearly half of all aviation accidents occur during the final approach or landing and 14 percent occur during takeoff or initial climb.

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Discussion: In some cases pilots may need to reject a landing due to rapidly deteriorating weather conditions which reduce the visibility required for a safe landing.

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This is because they try to get as close to the runway as possible and come in faster than most other airlines. This helps them save fuel and reduce their approach time. In some cases, the pilots may feel a need to quickly adjust their altitude to avoid obstacles or turbulence and this can result in harsher landings.

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