Aircraft in an emergency, who are not receiving an air traffic service should set the transponder to EMERGENCY (Mode 3A Code 7700) as part of their initial actions.
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The most well know of these is the code 7700. This is used to indicate an emergency of any kind. A pilot will enter this when in an emergency situation - either instructed by ATC after declaring an emergency or without communication if there is no time.
The second emergency squawk code is 7600, showing ATC that the aircraft has lost verbal communication. This could mean that it can still hear ATC and yet not respond, in which case the ATC will direct the pilot to speak with them through the Ident button.
Squawking 7700 in an emergencyThe most well know of these is the code 7700. This is used to indicate an emergency of any kind. A pilot will enter this when in an emergency situation - either instructed by ATC after declaring an emergency or without communication if there is no time.
Code 7600 is the code for a loss of radio. If a pilot's radio goes out during a fight, they can enter 7600 into the transponder. Then they should proceed to their intended airport following a standard landing plan. Pilots should be extra careful and on alert for other aircraft around them in the sky.
For the purpose of safety, much of aviation is standardized, including communication. Pilots use the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Phonetic Alphabet to communicate. Pilots never pronounce letters when they are transmitting to Air Traffic Control, and vice-versa.
Alpha, Bravo, Charli, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Juliett, Kilo, Lima, Mike, November, Oscar, PaPa, Quebec, Romeo, Sierra, Tango, Uniform, Victor, Whiskey, X-ray, Yankee, Zulu. Pilots pronounce numbers similar to regular English, with a few exceptions: The number three (3) is pronounced “tree.”
7000. ICAO. VFR standard squawk code when no other code has been assigned. EASA countries. Code that pilot shall set when not receiving air traffic services, unless otherwise prescribed by the competent authority.
Military aircraft operating in restricted/warning areas or on VR routes will squawk 4000 unless another code has been assigned or coordinated with ATC.
The number of “souls” on an aircraft refers to the total living bodies on the plane: every passenger, pilot, flight attendant and crew member, according to Lord-Jones. Pilots often report the number of “souls” when declaring an emergency, she says, so rescuers know the amount of people to search for.
If you're below 18,000, feet you'll start by squawking 7600, then descend or climbing to an altitude that is acceptable for VFR cruising. You'll be expected to land as soon as practical while maintaining visual flight rules. If you're above 18,000 feet (Class A airspace) it gets a bit more complicated.
For example, 1200 in the USA means that the flight is flying under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and is not typically in direct contact with ATC. 1200 is a shared code so you may see many aircraft transmitting it at the same time in a given area.
This notice assigns Code 1202 for use by gliders not in contact with an air traffic control (ATC) facility. The notice also provides general flight characteristics of gliders and some of their limitations.
Visual flight rules (VFR) flight standard squawk code used in North American airspace when no other has been assigned or is applicable. 1201. US. Assigned via FAR 93.95 for use by VFR aircraft in the immediate vicinity of LAX. US.