What is the fastest diesel locomotive in the world?

Intercity 125 The stalwart of the British rail network merits its place on the list by being the fastest diesel train in the world, a record it achieved in 1987 and still holds today for travelling at a speed of 148 mph. Development of the 125 started during the 1960's and the first train entered service in 1976.



The fastest diesel locomotive in the world is the British Rail Class 43 (HST), which holds the official world speed record for diesel traction.

Here are the key details:

  • Record Speed: 148 mph (238 km/h). This record was set on November 1, 1987, by a shortened, specially modified 2-car set (number 43102 City of Wells and 43097 Pathfinder) on a test run between Darlington and York in the UK.
  • In Service Speed: In regular passenger service, the InterCity 125 trains (powered by two Class 43 locomotives) operated at a maximum speed of 125 mph (201 km/h), which is where their name comes from.
  • Why it’s the fastest: The record-setting run used uprated engines (from 2,250 hp to 3,250 hp) and different gear ratios. The design of the Class 43 is remarkably aerodynamic, contributing to its high-speed capability.

Important Distinction: Diesel Traction vs. Diesel Train

The Class 43 is a diesel-electric locomotive. It uses a diesel engine to generate electricity, which then powers electric traction motors.

For context, the fastest diesel-powered train (non-electric traction) is the SNCF TGV Atlantique #325, which set a record of 173 mph (278.4 km/h) in 1989. However, this was a modified TGV powered by gas turbine engines, not a conventional diesel engine. For conventional diesel-mechanical/hydraulic locomotives, speeds are much lower.

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