The high-pitched noise you often hear before or during a train's arrival is primarily caused by "rail singing" and "wheel squeal." Rail singing is a vibrating sound that travels through the continuous steel tracks much faster than the speed of sound in air (about 14 times faster). This allows you to hear the vibration of an approaching high-speed train through the rails long before the actual air-borne sound of the engine reaches you. On the other hand, the sharp, ear-piercing "squeal" specifically heard on curves is caused by metal-on-metal friction. Because train wheels are fixed to a solid axle, they cannot rotate at different speeds when turning a corner; this causes the wheels to "slip and slide" slightly against the rail head to compensate for the different distances. This high-frequency vibration of steel against steel creates the characteristic squeal. Additionally, in electric trains, you may hear a high-pitched "hum" or "whine" from the traction motors and power inverters as they modulate electrical frequency to control the train's speed, especially during acceleration and regenerative braking.