Elements of the diesel locomotiveThe diesel engine may operate on the two-stroke or four-stroke cycle. Rated operating speeds vary from 350 to 2,000 revolutions per minute, and rated output may be from 10 to 4,000 horsepower.
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Most yard-switching and short-haul locomotives are equipped with diesel engines ranging from 600 to 1,800 horsepower; road units commonly have engines ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 horsepower.
Modern locomotives can have 3000-6600 HP in just one engine. Major manufacturers of diesel locomotives include: EMD (Electro Motive Division)(part of GM), General Electric and at one time American Locomotive Company (ALCO).
Power plant capacity is far greater than any individual locomotive uses, so electric locomotives can have a higher power output than diesel locomotives and they can produce even higher short-term surge power for fast acceleration. Electric locomotives are ideal for commuter rail service with frequent stops.
The locomotives weigh between 100 and 200 tons (91,000 and 181,000 kilograms) and are designed to tow passenger-train cars at speeds of up to 125 miles per hour (200 kph). Siemens' modern engines produce up to 4,200 horsepower, and the generator can turn this into almost 4,700 amps of electrical current.
The average fuel consumed per kilo- meter for all passenger and cargo trains is 7.97 L/ km. This value for local, trafficking, railway track laying and maneuvering trains is 7.92 L/km.
Freight and passenger rail rely almost exclusively on diesel power. The latest diesel innovations contribute to cleaner air and reaching climate goals. According to the Association of American Railroads, in a typical year, US freight railroads move around 1.7 billion tons across nearly 140,000-miles of track.
High-speed trains can generally reach 300–350 km/h (190–220 mph). On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200–250 km/h (120–160 mph).
Because high horsepower is required for high-speed operation, the diesel is, therefore, less desirable than the electric for high-speed passenger services and very fast freight operations.
Intercity 125The stalwart of the British rail network merits its place on the list by being the fastest diesel train in the world, a record it achieved in 1987 and still holds today for travelling at a speed of 148 mph. Development of the 125 started during the 1960's and the first train entered service in 1976.
Freight trains in the US are often powered by two or more diesel units, each about 4400 horsepower. Those units are each supposed to burn around 210 US gallons per hour when they're producing full power.
Modern locomotives use electric traction instead of gears as electric traction is much more flexible than gears. Diesel fuels generators from the combustion engine and transform the energy using an alternator, which runs the traction motors.
As with internal combustion engines that are used in more traditional ways, engines used as power generators in diesel electric trains are also considerably more efficient thanks to the use of turbochargers.
Diesels can still operate on electrified lines, they simply do not pull power from the overhead wires, instead burning diesel to generate power. There are no clearance problems for diesels to operate on electrified lines.