On Japanese trains, particularly the Shinkansen (bullet trains), luggage rules are strictly enforced as of 2026 to ensure passenger comfort and safety. You can bring up to two pieces of luggage for free, but their size determines where they must be stored. Bags with total dimensions (length + width + height) under 160 cm can be placed on the overhead racks or at your feet. However, if your luggage is "oversized"—meaning the total dimensions are between 160 cm and 250 cm—you are required to make an advance reservation for a "Seat with an Oversized Baggage Area." This reservation is free if made at the time of ticket purchase, but if you board with oversized luggage without a reservation, you will be charged a 1,000 yen penalty fee and required to move your bag to a designated area. Luggage exceeding a total dimension of 250 cm is not permitted on the train at all. For travelers with very large bags, it is highly recommended to use Japan's excellent "Takkyubin" (luggage delivery) services, which can ship your suitcases from hotel to hotel for a reasonable fee, allowing you to travel hands-free.