Trenitalia. Trenitalia is the main operator of rail services in Italy, formed by the Italian government and entirely state-owned. The types of trains that Trenitalia run can be split broadly into two categories – high-speed trains and regional trains.

The main and most important train line in Italy is the "Alta Velocità" (High-Speed) line, which forms an "L" or "T" shape connecting the country's major economic and cultural hubs. The primary corridor runs from Milan in the north down to Naples in the south, passing through Bologna, Florence, and Rome. This line is the backbone of the Italian rail system, operated by the state-owned Trenitalia (Frecciarossa) and the private competitor Italo. In 2026, the journey between Milan and Rome on this high-speed line takes just under 3 hours, making it a much faster and more popular alternative to flying. Another critical main line is the "Direttissima" between Florence and Rome, which was the first high-speed line in Europe. For regional travel, the "Linea Adriatica" runs along the entire eastern coast from Rimini down to Bari, while the northern "Transversale" connects Turin, Milan, and Venice. These main lines are the lifeblood of Italian transportation, moving millions of passengers each year through some of the most scenic landscapes in the world while maintaining a level of punctuality and comfort that is among the best in Europe.