For most major airlines, the maximum time you can check your luggage before a flight is typically 4 hours before the scheduled departure time. This limit is primarily due to space constraints in the airport's baggage handling systems and security protocols. If you arrive at the airport earlier than this window, the airline's check-in counters or self-service kiosks may not allow you to process your bags. However, some hub airports or specific carriers (like those at Singapore Changi or certain flights at London Heathrow) offer "Early Check-In" services that allow you to drop bags up to 12 or even 24 hours in advance. Conversely, the minimum time is also critical; for domestic U.S. flights, you usually must check bags at least 45 to 60 minutes before departure, while international flights often require a 75 to 90-minute lead time. If you are traveling on a codeshare flight, the rules of the operating carrier usually apply. Always check your specific airline's "Baggage Information" page, as rules can vary significantly between low-cost carriers like Ryanair and full-service airlines like Delta or Emirates.