The minimum flight speed of a Boeing 747, often referred to as its stall speed, varies significantly depending on the aircraft's weight, flap configuration, and environmental conditions. For a Boeing 747-8 or 747-400, the typical landing approach speed—which is maintained safely above the stall speed—is usually between 145 and 155 knots (approx. 167–178 mph). The absolute minimum speed (stall speed) in a clean configuration (flaps up) is much higher, but with full landing flaps (Flaps 30) and a typical landing weight, the aircraft can maintain controlled flight down to approximately 120 to 130 knots (138–150 mph). If the plane flies below this critical threshold, the wings lose the lift required to support the aircraft's weight, leading to an aerodynamic stall. Pilots must strictly monitor this "Vref" speed during the final approach to ensure they have enough of a buffer to handle sudden gusts of wind or turbulence. In take-off and landing phases, high-lift devices like slats and flaps are essential for allowing such a massive aircraft to stay airborne at these relatively low speeds.