What is the minimum separation between aircraft?

According to ICAO standards, the minimum vertical separation between aircraft under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) depends on altitude. For aircraft flying below 29,000 (FL290), the minimum vertical separation is 1,000. Above this, aircraft are typically required to maintain a vertical distance of at least 2,000 ft.



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Three minutes or the appropriate radar separation when takeoff will be behind a super aircraft; Two minutes or the appropriate radar separation when takeoff will be behind a heavy aircraft.

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Longitudinal separation must be applied so that the spacing between the estimated positions of the aircraft being separated is never less than a prescribed minimum.

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In aviation, the rule of three or 3:1 rule of descent is that 3 miles of travel should be allowed for every 1,000 feet of descent.

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