As of 2026, Sydney, Australia, is widely recognized as the most tolled city in the world. The city features a vast and complex network of privately operated motorways and tunnels, including the WestConnex, M2, M4, M5, M7, and the iconic Sydney Harbour Bridge and Tunnel. Sydney residents often face multiple tolls on a single commute, leading to a significant "cost of living" burden that has become a major political issue in New South Wales. Recent reports indicate that the city has more toll roads than any other urban area globally, surpassing other highly tolled cities like New York and London. In 2028, the city is set to introduce even more comprehensive "two-way" tolling on major bridges to manage congestion. To mitigate the impact on drivers, the government has introduced various "Toll Relief" programs and caps, but the sheer density of toll gantries makes Sydney the undisputed global leader in road-user charges. For visitors, using a rental car in Sydney almost certainly requires a dedicated e-tag to avoid the administrative fees associated with unpaid tolls.