Plovdiv is by far the oldest city in Europe, having been founded about 6000 BCE. Nebet tepe, one of Plovdiv's hills, is the most crucial settlement from that time, having been inhabited since.
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Contrary to popular belief, Athens is not the oldest city in Europe. This cradle of Western civilisation was founded in 4000 BCE, 2000 years after Plovdiv. This makes it the second oldest city in Europe.
Athens is the second oldest city in Europe, dating back to about 3000 BC. The first settlement was built on the rock of Acropolis. It was formed when King Theseus united several settlements of Attica into a state. According to Greek mythology, Athens was named after the Greek Goddess of Wisdom, Athena.