What is the oldest evidence of humans in the Grand Canyon?

Archeological Resources at Grand Canyon The oldest human artifacts found are nearly 12,000 years old and date to the Paleo-Indian period. There has been continuous use and occupation of the park since that time.



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Paiute from the east and Cerbat from the west were the first humans to reestablish settlements in and around the Grand Canyon. The Paiute settled the plateaus north of the Colorado River and the Cerbat built their communities south of the river, on the Coconino Plateau.

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Artifacts recovered from the sites include stone tools, pottery, jewelry, seeds, ash from hearths and even a buffalo bone (probably traded from elsewhere). Numerous dwelling and adjacent trash midden sites were excavated and one kiva, probably used for ceremonial purposes, was discovered.

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Grand Canyon, Ariz – Park Rangers recently recovered skeletal remains from the Hermit Creek drainage within Grand Canyon National Park.

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The rock that makes up the canyon walls is vastly more ancient than the dinosaurs – about a billion years more ancient, in some cases – but the canyon itself probably didn't form until after the dinosaurs were long gone.

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About 900 people have died in the Grand Canyon. The leading cause of death is airplane and helicopter crashes, followed by falling from cliffs, environmental deaths (such as overheating), and drowning. On average, about 11 people die per year in the Grand Canyon.

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The mystery of the Great Unconformity What's tricky about the Grand Canyon is that the rocks in its walls seem to be missing a big part of the picture. In 1869, a man named John Wesley Powell observed that several layers of rock that should've been in the Canyon walls were not present.

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20 Amazing Grand Canyon Facts
  • Grand Canyon National Park is bigger than the entire state of Rhode Island. ...
  • The Hopi Tribe considers the Grand Canyon a gateway to the afterlife. ...
  • Temperatures vary greatly within the canyon. ...
  • The canyon is full of hidden caves. ...
  • In 1909, the canyon was the site of a giant hoax.


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A large sandstone boulder contains several exceptionally well-preserved trackways of primitive tetrapods (four-footed animals) which inhabited an ancient desert environment. The 280-million-year-old fossil tracks date to almost the beginning of the Permian Period, prior to the appearance of the earliest dinosaurs.

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The composition (sandstone) and presence of stromatolites indicate that this area was previously a very shallow sea. The rock layers in the Grand Canyon Supergroup have been tilted, whereas the other rocks above this set are horizontal.

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The cemetery—part of the Grand Canyon Village National Historic District—has more than 390 individual graves, several of which date back to before the establishment of the park and the dedication of the cemetery. CCC members surveying and staking grave plots in the Pioneer Cemetery.

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