That's the pitot tube. It is an air pressure sensor used to measure airspeed.
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Handshake – The initial interaction or 'greeting' between two computers. Aircraft communicate with satellites for location purposes. Aeronautical satellite communication (SATCOM) systems are used to transmit messages from the cockpit as well as automated messages from on-board systems.
The pointed nose allows for a weaker shock so that it doesn't cause an excessive amount of resistance. Airplanes generally have either a rounded nose or pointed nose. As revealed in this blog post, airplanes are given a rounded nose if they fly slower than the speed of sound.
When it is used. According to the FAA, rotation refers to, When the wings are lifting the weight of the airplane off the surface. In most airplanes, this is the result of the pilot rotating the nose up to increase the angle of attack (AOA).
The callout from the pilots like LOC blue serves to remind themselves of the current flight guidance modes, and to maintain awareness of mode changes. This is also to ensure that their mental idea of what the aircraft will do next is up to date and fits to the current flight situation.