Marrakech is one of the four imperial cities, is called the red city because of the color of its houses, which, by city regulation, must be absolutely red ochre, like the color of the land that surrounds it.
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During the 11th century the Almoravids left the desert and found Marrakech. A fortified city wall was built around the city in order to defend it. This wall was built out of pise, which was a mixture of straw, red earth and lime, which hardened on drying. This red mud gives the city it's pink hue and the name Red City.
But Morocco is also a member of the Arab League - so officially belongs to both cultural spheres. While the adjective African to describe Morocco is a geographical fact, the use of Arab has also alienated many Moroccans who do not identify as such.
In the 13th century a Berber outpost named Anfa existed in the south of the city. Anfa was repeatedly destroyed by the Portuguese between 1486 and 1489, and was renamed after a white house (“Casa Branca”; later, “Casa Blanca” in Spanish) that stood on the ruins of the city.
Casablanca is a more modern, business-oriented location. It still holds an enormous amount of history and interest, but combines that with bustling streets and a title of Morocco's business capital. Marrakech is a more popular tourist spot, combining phenomenal scenery and architecture with a remarkable history.
It's not as busy as the high season, so you can often get good deals on accommodations and tours, but the weather is generally more pleasant than in the peak summer heat or the chill of winter. A piece of advice: Morocco is not expensive so even if you visit during the high season, it won't really cost a lot.