The Lickey Incline, south of Birmingham, is the steepest sustained main-line railway incline in Great Britain. The climb is a gradient of 1 in 37.7 (2.65% or 26.5‰ or 1.52°) for a continuous distance of two miles (3.2 km).
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Grades are generally 1 percent or less, and grades steeper than about 2.2 percent are rare. The steepest grade on a major railroad's main track was historically said to be on the Pennsylvania Railroad north of Madison, Indiana, rising 413 feet over a distance of 7012 feet — a 5.89-percent grade.
The Pilatus Railway (German: Pilatusbahn, PB) is a mountain railway in Switzerland and the steepest rack railway in the world, with a maximum gradient of 48% and an average gradient of 35%.
Since 1889 from Alpnach and up the PilatusCommissioned in 1889, a gradient of up to 48 percent, about 30 minutes travel time: that is the steepest cogwheel railway in the world in figures. Meter by meter it scales the way from Alpnachstad to Pilatus Kulm, passing alpine meadows and striking rock formations.
In normal slope of track (say 1:3), the train driver use brakes and control the down hill fast travel. If the slope is abnormal, the track will have additional rack type rail. The train will have a pinion wheel and it will be moving on the rack, the wheel will be controlled by breaking system.
Most trains find it difficult to climb hills and mountain slopes. The trains of cog, or rack, railroads, however, can scale steep slopes using a special toothed rail, known as a rack, in the middle of the track.
The world's steepest cogwheel railway goes up the PilatusThe steepest cogwheel railway in the world, with a gradient of 48% and a length of 4'618 metres, links Alpnachstad with Pilatus Kulm at an altitude of 2'132 m.
The steepest railway incline in Germany is on the Kasbachtal Railway as it runs from Linz-am-Rhein to Kalenborn. This standard-gauge railway is hauled by a 1950s Uerdinger Railbus engine along a 5.5 mile (8.9 kilometre) section of track that has an overall height difference of 984 feet (300m).
Vitznau-Rigi Railway ? Europe's first cogwheel railwayWhen cogwheel railway pioneer Riggenbach patented his system, nobody could have foreseen how fast the principle would spread in the ensuing years. Construction of the railway between Vitznau and the Rigi began in mid-September 1869.
New York City SubwayIt is the most complex network in the world with 472 active stations serving 27 subway lines. Until 1940, no official map of the subway system existed.