The oldest and most historic neighborhood in Lisbon is called Alfama. This district is a labyrinth of narrow, winding cobblestone alleys and steep stairways that survived the devastating Great Earthquake of 1755, which destroyed much of the rest of the city. Originally located outside the city walls, Alfama was once the home of the upper classes before becoming a fishing and merchant quarter. Today, it is the soul of Lisbon’s traditional culture, where you can hear the haunting sounds of Fado music echoing from small taverns at night. The neighborhood stretches from the São Jorge Castle down to the Tagus River, featuring iconic landmarks like the Lisbon Cathedral (Sé) and the National Pantheon. Visitors in 2026 often take the vintage Tram 28 to reach the summit, though the best way to experience Alfama's "village" feel is by getting lost on foot among the pastel-colored houses, laundry-draped balconies, and hidden miradouros (viewpoints) that offer sweeping views of the terracotta rooftops and the glittering river below.