In 2026, mountain lions (also known as cougars or pumas) have established breeding populations primarily in 16 states, mostly in the western U.S. These include Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Additionally, a small, isolated population of the endangered Florida panther exists in Florida. While sightings are occasionally reported in midwestern and eastern states like Missouri, Illinois, or even New York, wildlife officials confirm these are usually transient males wandering from western populations rather than established resident groups. Western states remain the primary habitat where these cats are common.