Originally constructed between 688 and 692 under the rule of Abd al-Malik, whom Yitzchak introduced in the previous post, the Dome of the Rock is one of the most emblematic architectural landmarks in the history of Islamic culture.
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An immense mausoleum of white marble, built in Agra between 1631 and 1648 by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife, the Taj Mahal is the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage.
Across Islamic visual art, three key characteristics include floral motifs, geometric designs and calligraphy. Often overlapping across various art forms and genres, these elements are influenced by principles in the Qu'ran.
Calligraphy, especially calligraphy involving the text of the Koran, is the highest form of art in the Islamic world. Depicting images of humans and animals is usually taboo in Islam, so Islamic art usually contains elaborate geometric forms and calligraphy instead.
The principal Islamic architectural types are: the Mosque, the Tomb, the Palace and the Fort. Specifically recognizable Islamic architectural style emerged soon after Muhammad's time, inspired by the former Sassanid and Byzantine models. The horseshoe arch became a popular feature in Islamic structures.
Quwwat-ul-Islam, the first mosque in Delhi was built by Qutub-ud-din-Aibak, the founder of the Slave dynasty. It is the oldest existing example of Islamic architecture in India.
In Mecca, only Muslims are allowed, while non-Muslims may not enter or pass through. Attempting to enter Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in penalties such as a fine; being in Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in deportation.