When can the ATC clear an IFR flight to perform a visual approach?
A vector for a visual approach may be initiated if the reported ceiling at the airport of intended landing is at least 500 feet above the MVA/MIA and the visibility is 3 miles or greater. At airports without weather reporting service there must be reasonable assurance (e.g. area weather reports, PIREPs, etc.)
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It's called the 3-2-1 rule, and it's the easiest way to remember the regulation. To recap, if the weather at your destination isn't at least 3 SM of visibility and 2000' AGL ceilings from 1 hour before to 1 hour after your ETA, you need to file an alternate.
IFR flight plans may be closed at any time with either ARTCC, approach control, tower, or if unable, with FSS. When landing at an airport with a functioning control tower, IFR flight plans are automatically canceled. If landing at a non-towered aircraft, ensure the flight plan is closed by contacting FSS.
Under Part 121 / 135. The pilots can only commence an approach (proceed past the final approach fix) if the latest weather received is above landing minimums. Mainly, pilots are concerned with visibility.