You can put baggage whose overall dimensions are less than 160 cm (the same size as the baggage that can be carried for free in airplane holds) * on the overhead baggage rack of the Shinkansen.
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Carry-on and personal items must be kept with you, stored in overhead racks, under seats or designated baggage areas.
There are no crowds on the intercity Shinkansen trains so free seats tend to be available. However, it is recommended to book a seat before boarding any train during the following peak seasons:April 27 to May 6. August 11-20.
one personal item, 25 lbs.(12 kg) and 14 x 11 x 7 inches. two carry-on items, 50 lbs.(23 kg) and 28 x 22 x 14 inches each (Pacific Surfliner: up to 28 x 22 x 11 inches each)
You are still allowed to carry on two pieces of baggage weighing 30 kg or less and with total dimensions of 250 cm or less and a maximum length of 200 cm. However, you need to reserve a seat with an oversized baggage area or a seat with an oversized baggage compartment if you intend to travel with oversized baggage.
Hazardous materials, sharp objects*1, furnaces / stoves, animals*2, deceased biological material, unclean objects, objects that emit offensive odors, items that may hurt other customers, and objects that may damage the train are not allowed on board. *1: Sharp objects packed as to not hurt other customers are allowed.
Similar to cruise ships, most trains do allow you to bring aerosol products onboard. So, thankfully, there is no need to worry about the possibility of hindering your daily beauty regimen on your long overnight train ride. Traveling with small personal aerosol products on a train is safe and simple.
You can bring your own food on the train (as meals are not included in Economy class), however there are also snacks, meals, and beverages available to purchase on board with cash or credit. If you're travelling with kids, ask an agent on board for the kids activity book. Want to know when it's time for your stop?
Though it isn't ideal, boarding the Shinkansen with large baggage without a reservation is still possible. However, once the train attendant comes by to confirm passenger tickets, they will be asked to purchase new train tickets and exchange their seats for an oversized baggage seat and pay a 1000 yen fee.
It is considered bad manners to eat or drink inside trains, the exception being on the Shinkansen or other long-distance express trains. The smell of the food offends those around you and there is always the possibility of spilling drinks or food, so please avoid bringing food and drinks into the train.
Some trains do not have non-reserved seats (all seats are reserved). There are no Green Cars on most “HIKARI” and “KODAMA” trains on the Sanyo Shinkansen Line (Shin-Osaka—Hakata), or on Series 800 trains on the Kyushu Shinkansen Line.
Unlike trains you may be used to, Shinkansen do not have a specific area in each carriage for bags, so you will need to either place them behind the very last row of seats in the car, or smaller items can be placed on the overhead rail.
All shinkansen are equipped with multiple toilets, which are sometimes separated by gender. The toilets are Western-style except on some older train sets.