From an aeronautical viewpoint, the basic requirement of an airport is that it have a relatively flat area of land sufficiently large to accommodate the runways and other facilities and that this area be in a locality free from such obstructions to air navigation as mountains and tall buildings.

The "best" place to build an airport is a location that balances geological stability, noise mitigation, and airspace efficiency. Ideally, an airport should be built on flat, low-lying land with stable soil (to support the immense weight of concrete runways) and minimal bird activity to prevent strikes. In 2026, planners prioritize "Inland Hubs" or reclaimed land far from residential centers to minimize noise pollution lawsuits, which have become a major barrier to expansion. Proximity to existing infrastructure—such as high-speed rail and major highways—is essential for "Last Mile" connectivity. Weather is the final critical factor: the site should have a low frequency of heavy fog, crosswinds, and extreme snow. Many modern 2026 projects are looking at "Aerotropolis" designs, where the airport is built at the center of a new, purpose-built city, ensuring that residential zoning is kept at a safe distance from the flight paths while commercial zones benefit from the proximity to global logistics.