The town of Calamocha, located in Aragón's Teruel province, regularly records some of the coldest temperatures in the country.
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By contrast, there are low temperatures in winter, from cool to cold winters, with temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) not being uncommon. At cities with altitude above 1000m like Ávila or Segovia, the temperatures under -5 °C (23 °F) are not uncommon, dropping up to -10 °C (14 °F) or more during Arctic cold waves.
The south of Spain from mid December to early March is unpredictable in long term forecasts. But, be sure of one thing, during January and February the nights are freezing and you will need as much clothing as you would use during the same months in the UK.
Both countries have Mediterranean climates, meaning they are generally temperate, with warm summers and mild winters. In Portugal, the average temperature in Lisbon is 24°C in July and 11°C in January, and in Spain the average temperature in Barcelona is around the same: 24°C in August and 10°C in January.
Winters in Madrid are cold and dry, and snow does fall now and then, especially in late December and in January. However, Madrid isn't known to be a particularly snowy city. January is the coldest month of the year, when average temperatures can be as low as 6ºC (43ºF) on average.
The southern part of Spain during this time feels more like spring, with an average temperature + 18 degrees ?. If it's too cold for you, choose to go to the Canary Islands or Malaga. It is much warmer there.
To the surprise of many tourists, it does snow in Portugal! Still, it only snows in a few areas in mountainous zones up north. The most common place to see snow in Portugal is in the Serra da Estrela mountains. While it might snow sporadically in other areas, the snow never tends to stick.
The best climate in Spain and the most sunshine is found in Alicante on the Costa Blanca. With an average of 349 hours of sunshine per month, it's easy to see why so many expats choose to move to Alicante, not to mention the city's lively culture scene, great nightlife and an endless list of historical sights to visit.
Some 20% of mainland Spain is already desertified, due to climate change and human responsibility, such as overexploitation of water, particularly groundwater extraction, and 74% is at risk of desertification.