The official plug standard in the United Kingdom since 1962 is the BS 1363 plug. (The previous plug standard was BS 546, still found in older buildings.) The BS 1363 plug is also used in Ireland, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore.
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All of Europe operates on the same 2 round pronged outlets except for the UK and Ireland that operates on its own unique 3 flat rectangle pronged outlets. If you are travelling through the UK or Ireland (including London) you will need a UK and Ireland power point adapter.
They are widely used in North America, Mexico, China, Japan, and other countries which use Type A plugs. Like Type A, Type B plugs used in Japan vary in design slightly than those used in the United States.
The Type G plug has three rectangular pins in a triangular pattern and includes a fuse (usually a 3A fuse for smaller appliances, such as computers, or a 13A fuse for larger appliances, such as heaters). British sockets also have shutters on the live and neutral contacts to prevent the introduction of foreign objects.
The rounded third prong on a plug is a ground prong or grounding wire. Electricity is always looking for a path to the ground. If damage or a malfunction occurs, altering the circuit, the ground wire is an emergency path that protects you and your devices from electric shock.