The Japan Rail (JR) Pass covers almost the entire national rail network, but it strictly cannot be used for "Nozomi" and "Mizuho" trains—the two fastest categories of Shinkansen—without a significant extra supplement. If you want to board a Nozomi (on the Tokaido/Sanyo lines) or a Mizuho (on the Sanyo/Kyushu lines), you must purchase a special "Nozomi Mizuho Ticket" in addition to holding a valid JR Pass. Furthermore, the pass does not cover private, non-JR lines (such as the Odakyu line to Hakone, the Kintetsu line to Nara, or the various Tokyo Metro/Toei subway lines). While there are a few exceptions where JR trains run on private tracks (like the line to Kawaguchiko), you will usually be asked to pay a small "surcharge" onboard. For 2026 travelers, it is also important to note that most "Highway Buses" (inter-city buses) are no longer included in the pass, though local JR-branded buses in cities like Kyoto remain accessible.