The current Grand Central Terminal (often called Grand Central Station) was built by the Vanderbilt family, specifically through the New York Central Railroad, and it officially opened on February 2, 1913. The project was a massive undertaking that replaced an earlier 1899 structure and was sparked by a 1902 train crash that prompted the move from steam-powered to all-electric locomotives. The architectural design was a collaboration between two firms: Reed and Stem, who handled the functional layout and engineering, and Warren and Wetmore, who were responsible for the grand Beaux-Arts aesthetic, including the famous celestial ceiling and the iconic exterior facade. Construction began in 1903 and took ten years to complete, involving the excavation of massive amounts of bedrock to create the multi-level underground tracks. The terminal was designed to be one of the world's first all-electric buildings, a point of immense pride for the Vanderbilts. Today, it remains one of the most famous landmarks in New York City, serving as a testament to the "Golden Age" of American rail travel and the immense wealth and vision of the Vanderbilt empire.