Who created the obelisk?

The first obelisks were built by ancient Egyptians. They were carved from stone and placed in pairs at the entrance of temples as sacred objects that symbolized the sun god, Ra. It's believed that the shape symbolized a single sun ray.



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The Sultan of Egypt and Sudan presented the obelisk to the British Government in 1819, in commemoration of Lord Nelson's victory at the Battle of the Nile in 1798 and Sir Ralph Abercromby's victory at the Battle of Alexandria in 1801.

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Scholars believe that obelisks represented eternity and immortality, and their long, tapering form functioned to connect the heavens and the earth. Their pinnacles were typically covered in gold to reflect the sunlight.

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In 1830 the Sultan and Viceroy of Egypt Mehemet Ali decided to offer the two obelisks standing in front of the Luxor Temple (Thebes, Egypt) to King Charles X of France. It was a gesture of friendship and gratitude for the deciphering of Egyptian hieroglyphs by Champollion.

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The monolith was brought to Rome from the fabled Alexandria by Caligula in the year 37, ostensibly to honor the great Julius Caesar. However, there was once another theory: that the obelisk was not just part of a memorial to a great man from history, but also his mausoleum.

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The Egyptian obelisk which is now located at St. Peter's Square is often called Vatican Obelisk. It is not known which Pharaoh has constructed it, but it is assumed that it was erected at Heliopolis around 2500 BC. Around 30 BC the obelisk was moved to Alexandria by Emperor Augustus and erected at the Julian Forum.

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The earliest surviving obelisk dates from the reign of Sesostris I (1918–1875 bce) and stands at Heliopolis, a suburb of Cairo, where once stood a temple to Re.

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Only about 30 such obelisks are still in existence worldwide; figures vary between sources with different definitions of extant Egyptian obelisks.

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Below is a list of the world's most famous obelisks.
  • Washington Monument, Washington DC, United States.
  • 2.Obelisk at Saint Peter's Square, Vatican City.
  • Luxor Obelisk, Paris, France.
  • Obelisco de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • Cleopatra's Needle, New York, United States.
  • Luxor Obelisk, Luxor, Egypt.


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As the sand was removed from two doors at each side of the pit, slowly and painfully by human diggers and carriers of the sand, the base of the obelisk slowly lowered into a turning groove, to a 75 degree angle, where it could be then pulled by ropes into an upright position.

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The city of Rome has the most obelisks in the world! 13 true obelisks, stone pillars made from single blocks of stone.

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