Transport Scotland has responsibility for the majority of rail powers in Scotland, while responsibility for safety regulation across Great Britain remains with the Office of Rail and Road.
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Devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have different responsibilities for the railway in their respective countries. In Scotland, Schedule 5, Part II, Head E of the Scotland Act 1998, as amended, prescribes those areas reserved to the UK Parliament; everything else is devolved.
U.S. rail infrastructure is divided between privately owned freight and state-owned passenger rail. Freight rail is an integral part of U.S. supply chains, but the country's passenger service falls far behind that of other advanced economies. Proposals to expand high-speed rail have faltered.