Who owns public transport in France?

SNCF (Societe Nationale des Chermins de Fer Francais) is the state-owned company which runs most long-distance trains and other forms of inter-regional transport. Local transport in France is handled by various companies, including SNCF, who run buses and local trains.



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Who owns and runs the UK's railways? Britain's rail network was first nationalised by Labour Prime Minister Clement Attlee in 1948 and then privatised again under Sir John Major's Conservatives in 1993. Network Rail, which runs railway infrastructure in England, Scotland, and Wales, is publicly owned.

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The SNCF, the national state-owned railway company, operates most of the passenger and freight services on the national network managed by its subsidiary SNCF Réseau. France currently operates the second-largest European railway network, with a total of 29,901 kilometres of railway.

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Public transport in Tallinn has been free since 2013; a political decision taken to help ease the cost-of-living for citizens. Environmental motivations were secondary, but as more and more places seek to decarbonise in this way, the European pioneer has become an unexpected trailblazer.

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The French state originally took 51% ownership of SNCF and invested large amounts of public subsidies into the system. Today, SNCF is wholly owned by the French state.

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The UK government subsidised operators across England to cap many single bus fares at £2, between January and March 2023, at a cost of £60mn.

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Legal status. The legal identity of London Buses is London Bus Services Limited (LBSL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Transport for London.

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London is known for its integrated system, which is owned by Transport for London (TfL), an umbrella government body. Certain services, like bus operations, are franchised to private companies, but still operate within TfL's control.

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Following privatisation in 1993, British Rail – a publicly owned company responsible for running the railway – was divided into over 100 separate companies.

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While rail workers have had their pay frozen in the same period, DfT data shows that the private train operators made £310 million in taxpayer-funded profits between March 2020 and September 2022.

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