The last king of Bavaria was Ludwig III, who reigned from 1913 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1918. A member of the House of Wittelsbach, Ludwig III initially served as Prince Regent for his cousin Otto before becoming king himself. He was known as the "Millibauer" (Dairy Farmer) due to his deep interest in agriculture and his modernization of his estate at Leutstetten. His reign was dominated by the events of World War I, which eventually led to the November Revolution of 1918. As the German Empire collapsed, Ludwig III was forced to flee Munich, and the Anif Declaration ended the 738-year rule of the Wittelsbach dynasty. Despite the end of his political power, he remained a respected figure among many Bavarians until his death in 1921. Unlike his famous predecessor Ludwig II (the "Fairytale King"), Ludwig III was a more pragmatic and technically-minded monarch who focused on hydroelectric power and infrastructure.