Why are some seats unavailable on flights?

Seats that are shown as unavailable on the map may be reserved to accommodate family seating, passengers with disabilities and crew members.



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They do, sometimes, but you won't get them. First of all, on a lot of flights, next-day isn't nearly last minute enough to warrant a discount. Plenty of people want or need a next-day flight and are willing to pay a premium for it.

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Many airlines provide information such as seat maps that are accessible via their apps and websites before the day of travel. These maps will show you the layout of every seat on the plane and whether it's been booked or not.

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Emphatically, no. You will likely get assigned a seat during check-in (though you should still skip it if the airline tries to tack on a fee) or, at the very least, at the gate. Again: You don't have to select a seat in order to get a seat. You just might get stuck with a suboptimal one if you choose to skip it.

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If there are not enough passengers who are willing to give up their seats voluntarily, an airline may deny you a seat on an aircraft based on criteria that it establishes, such as the passenger's check-in time, the fare paid by the passenger, or the passenger's frequent flyer status.

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Airlines have the right to give your seat away or deny you boarding, even if you have a confirmed reservation and may be on the way, said Justin Albertynas, CEO of the travel-tech start-up RatePunk. He reminded me that airlines overbook flights to compensate for potential (and common) no-shows and cancellations.

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Call the airline Explain that you're concerned about being on a crowded flight and ask the agent to give you an estimate as to how full the flight currently is. You likely won't be given a precise number of people booked on the flight, but the phone agents should be able to guide you through your options.

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The reported reason why airlines routinely oversell their seats is to recover costs the airline incurs for seat cancellations and for travelers who do not show up to take the flight. (On any given flight, some number of previously allocated seats go empty just before departure.)

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Overbooking is how airlines ensure that there are no available seats when a flight departs. So they sell more tickets in advance than there are seats on the plane. The point of all this is to ensure that the plane is full when it takes off, because empty seats are a financial burden for airlines.

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Many may also wonder how last minute we're talking, when it comes to airlines releasing additional award space. Usually space is released within a couple of weeks of departure, though the exact details do vary by airline. Sometimes airlines even release space a day before departure, or even the day of departure.

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Today, airlines have learned to predict capacity with mathematical accuracy, so empty seats are scarce and there's rarely a need to sell off unsold tickets on the cheap. Websites supposedly devoted to last-minute travel still exist, but they're really just using the same system that every other booking engine uses.

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If you're interested in getting the best deal on flights, it helps to understand what causes changes in pricing. Timing plays an important part. Specifically, plane tickets usually don't get cheaper closer to the departure date.

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Moreover, every airline in the United States overbooks its flights at least some of the time. All but one, that is. JetBlue Airways (JBLU 2.70%) is the one holdout that chooses not to overbook its flights -- to be more customer-friendly.

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Passengers can inquire about overbooking by contacting their respective airlines or using apps that show available seats per cabin. If your flight is overbooked, airlines will usually ask for volunteers to give up their seats and offer compensation in return.

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If there are not enough passengers who are willing to give up their seats voluntarily, an airline may deny you a seat on an aircraft based on criteria that it establishes, such as the passenger's check-in time, the fare paid by the passenger, or the passenger's frequent flyer status.

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Here's a look at American carriers, starting with the worst for overbooking and descending to the best:
  • Spirit Airlines — 78 IDBs per million passengers.
  • Frontier Airlines — 55.
  • Southwest Airlines — 41.
  • Alaska Airlines — 28.
  • American Airlines — 24.
  • United Airlines — 13.
  • Delta Air Lines — 3.
  • JetBlue Airways — 2.


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The 737-700 has 143 seats in 24 rows, while both the 737-800 and 737 MAX 8 have 175 seats in 30 rows. SeatGuru, a travel website owned by Tripadvisor, allows visitors to view the layouts of these planes and read reviews of the seats from people who traveled on the plane.

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Frontier Airlines bumped the biggest proportion of passengers of the 15 largest US carriers in early 2023. Of every 10,000 Frontier passengers, 3.73 were involuntarily denied boarding due to oversales, the DOT said. Allegiant, Delta, Endeavor, and Hawaiian didn't bump any passengers in the quarter, per the DOT.

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Sometimes, when an airline asks for volunteers to give up their seats and fly on a different flight, there are not enough volunteers. When this occurs, the airline will select passengers to give up their seats. This is called “involuntary denied boarding” or “bumping.”

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A: If you get bumped from first class to economy — that's called an involuntary downgrade — you should get a prompt and full refund of the fare difference.

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Overbooked flight compensation under US regulations
If the airline does not make any substitute travel arrangements for you, you are entitled to 400% of the one-way fare price, not to exceed $1,350 as well as any optional fees paid as part of your reservation (e.g. bag fees, seat upgrades, etc.).

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