From the 1730s engineer in North American English was being used as a synonym for engineman, she says, applied specifically to the driver or operator of a fire engine, then later to drivers of steamships and steam-powered locomotives.
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The conductor is thus responsible for the safety of the passengers and some maintenance things in the cars. But this only applies to trains with a separate engine. On other trains the engineer is responsible for the safety of passengers, the cars and has authority over the conductor.
Neither the conductor nor the engineer is allowed to sleep on the train. They must be awake and alert throughout their entire shift. So, where do they sleep? After their shift, conductors and engineers sleep either at home or in a motel at an away terminal.
While modern trains won't litter the tracks with human excrement, the traditional method did just that. This is what was known as a hopper toilet. It could either be a simple hole in the floor (also known as a drop chute toilet) or a full-flush system.
Other than a refrigerator/watercooler and a bathroom there are almost zero ammenities on a locomotive. Only way a engineer can go to bathroom is by stopping his train or if the conductor is a certified engineer he could run for while.