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Why do planes have two windows?

The outer two cabin windows are designed to contain this difference in pressure between the cabin and the sky. Both the middle and the outer panes are strong enough to withstand the difference on their own, but under normal circumstances it's the outer pane that bears this pressure?thanks to the breather hole.



Every passenger airplane window is actually a sophisticated three-layer system designed to handle the extreme physics of high-altitude flight. The Outer Pane is the thickest and most critical; it is the structural layer that bears the full force of the massive pressure difference between the pressurized cabin and the thin air outside at 35,000 feet. The Middle Pane acts as a fail-safe; in the rare event that the outer pane fails, the middle pane is strong enough to maintain the cabin's pressure. This middle layer also features the famous "bleed hole"—a tiny opening that allows pressure to equalize between the cabin and the air gap between the panes, which prevents the window from fogging up or frosting over. Finally, the Inner Pane (the "scratch pane") is a thin layer of plastic that you can actually touch; it exists purely to protect the structural middle and outer panes from being scratched or damaged by passengers' fingers, jewelry, or luggage. This "triple-decker" design ensures that you have a crystal-clear, safe view of the world from the safety of a climate-controlled cabin.

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The inner pane basically safeguards the load from the passengers during flight. When both the outer and middle panes break, then all the pressurization in the airplane would escape leading to decompression in the passenger cabin. A plane is pressurized for passengers' comfort as it climbs to a higher altitude.

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The passenger windows are normally 1/4 inch thick acrylic plastic, and based on the tensile strength of acrylic (about 8000 psi IIRC), the strength of the window is more or less the same as the surrounding, much thinner, aluminum skin, so it takes quite a lot to make one blow out, which is why the event is so rare.

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Some aircraft damage from lightning strikes includes broken lighting and windows, deformed antenna placements, and onboard electronics malfunctions. Other abnormalities or warnings on the flight deck, such as cabin air pressurization problems or false alarms, can occur after your airplane has been struck by lightning.

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This means that one would have to generate in excess of 375 lbs of punching force to break a window, if the window were built to withstand the bare minimum required by the FAA. But wait, there's more. Aircraft windows are double paned.

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It's for your own safety. If anything happens during take-off and landing - the most risky stages of every flight - then your eyes will already be used to the dark or the light outside, and you'll be able to react more quickly. That's also the reason why the lights in the cabin are dimmed for take-off and landing.

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So, they look to their old crafts to recoup some of the costs needed to upgrade and replace aging fleets. Once an airline is finished with one of its planes, it might try to find a buyer that has a use for older airliners, like cargo fleets and fire-fighting companies.

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