The word 'rucksack' comes from Germany and the term is frequently used in Western military forces, such as those in the UK and US. 'Rucking' is one of the most common military activities and so it's clear to see how rucksacks get their name.
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Most people in Britain or the British Isle's call it a rucksack. Some do use Backpack as well.
A backpack is a bag worn on your back and typically has two straps over the shoulders. A rucksack is a specific backpack most often used for hiking or camping. It is larger than a backpack and usually has a frame to support the bag's weight.
So, the name rucksack refers to a type of bag used by British people. The Americans, on the other hand, use the term backpack to refer to the same thing as the British.
In general, spaces are a lot smaller, the infrastructure isn't very suitcase friendly and if you're backpacking, you'll probably be flying with a lot of low-cost airlines or taking the train or a bus. All this is what makes travel backpacks the ideal packing method for a European vacation.