Why do they wash planes before take off?

Frost changes the wing texture to something like sandpaper. Snow is even worse, it changes the aerodynamic shape of the wing. On a “clean” wing, the air flows smoothly. On a wing “contaminated” with frost or snow, the air has trouble sticking to the wing surface.



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Every airline handles their own de-icing, including purchasing, storing, and applying de-icing and anti-icing fluids to their planes. De-icing solution is a mixture of propylene glycol and water, heated to around 150 degrees, and sprayed under pressure to the wings of an aircraft.

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The directive was put in place by the Transportation Security Admistration (TSA) in2006. TSA agents and passengers are expected to followthe3-1-1? rule for liquids. The reason for not allowing liquid is that terrorists could bring liquid explosives or components to make explosive through water bottles.

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Jet Fuel. The distinct smell inside commercial airplanes is often attributed to jet fuel. During flight, commercial airplanes burn a mixture of jet fuel and oxygen in their engines to produce propulsion. When jet fuel burns, it creates odorous vapors that may enter the cabin.

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You are allowed to bring a quart-sized bag of liquids, aerosols, gels, creams and pastes through the checkpoint. These are limited to 3.4 ounces (100 milliliters) or less per item. This is also known as the 3-1-1 liquids rule.

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Because the TSA considers the nut spread a liquid, plane passengers must limit the amount they bring in their carry-ons. Like all other liquids, passengers are limited to 3.4 oz or less of peanut butter in their carry-on bag, but can also put the snack in their checked baggage.

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Maximum Time
In the United States, airlines are not allowed to keep passengers on the tarmac for more than three hours on domestic flights and four hours on international flights without allowing them to disembark. After this time, the airline must either return to the gate or provide alternate transportation.

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Fuel dumping (or a fuel jettison) is a procedure used by aircraft in certain emergency situations before a return to the airport shortly after takeoff, or before landing short of the intended destination (emergency landing) to reduce the aircraft's weight.

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Wake turbulence can cause a plane to vibrate The bigger the plane, the greater the wake. Like crosswinds, pockets of unstable air can force the pilot to react to keep the plane stable. These sudden movements cause the plane's wings to flex again, creating vibrations throughout the aircraft.

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The shudder that many airline-type planes experience just after lift-off is usually caused by out-of-balance landing gear wheels still spinning after they have left the ground. Normal practice is to apply the wheel brakes at that point, then retract the gear.

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Jet aircraft can safely fly over thunderstorms only if their flight altitude is well above the turbulent cloud tops. The most intense and turbulent storms are often the tallest storms, so en route flights always seek to go around them.

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Ultimately, it is usually perfectly safe for planes to fly in storms. Today's aircraft, especially big passenger airplanes, are designed to deal with lightning strikes, rain, and other conditions. Plus, pilots haveextensive training in how to handle storms and can be trusted to make the right call.

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Can a plane take off in a thunderstorm? Technically, it is possible, but pilots and air traffic experts prefer to keep planes on the ground when a storm is present and wait for it to calm down before setting off.

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Your chances of being involved in a fatal plane crash are incredibly small – around 1 in 11 million, according to Harvard researchers. While your odds of being in a plane accident are about 1 in 1.2 million, survivability rates are about 95.7% – so the odds are with you no matter how you look at it.

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There is no single maximum wind speed that cancels flights, as it depends on the direction of wind and phase of flight. A crosswind above about 40mph and a tailwind above 10mph can start to cause problems and stop commercial jets from taking off and landing.

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Yes, planes can fly in rain. Nowadays, airplanes are designed to fly in most weather conditions, even heavy rain. Even small planes can comfortably fly in heavy rain. Rain only becomes a threat when associated with other weather conditions, such as snow, thunderstorms, or ice.

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Airliners can descend over 8,000 feet per minutes if needed. A descent from 35,000 feet at that rate would have you down to 11,000 feet in 3 minutes or less. John Cox is a retired airline captain with US Airways and runs his own aviation safety consulting company, Safety Operating Systems.

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In a plane, cruising at a steady speed and steady altitude, there are two ways to come down: You can simply point it down, in which case it will speed up, just like a car going down a hill. Or, you can reduce the power. If you keep the plane at a steady speed, it will start to descend.

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The typical descent for an airliner is performed at a 3-degree angle. Airliners usually fly at very high altitudes. There are several reasons for this, one being to reduce fuel consumption. Flying at high altitudes means that the descent for landing must be well planned.

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