In a moving bus, a passenger moves with the bus due to inertia of motion. As the driver applies brakes, the bus comes to rest. But, the passenger tries to maintain the inertia of motion. As a result, a forward force is exerted on him.
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When the running bus stops suddenly, the passengers are jerked forward because due to inertia of motion the passengers tend to remain in their state of motion even though the bus has come to rest.
This is due to inertia of rest of upper part of the passengers body when the bus or train suddenly starts moving, the lower part of the passenger's body starts moving along with the bus or train while upper part of the body has a tendency to remain in the state of rest due to inertia of rest and hence falls backward.
A getting passenger getting down from a moving bus, falls in the direction of the motion of the bus. This is because his feet come to rest on touching the ground and the remaining body continues to move due to inertia of motion.
When a bus stops suddenly, its passengers tend to fall forward because due to their inertia the passengers tend to remain in a state of motion even though the bus has come to rest.
According to the law of inertia of motion, the body resists any kind of change in the state of its motion. When a man gets down from a moving bus his body has a speed equal to the speed of the bus and due to this speed, his body continues moving in the direction of the bus.
The correct answer is Newton's first law. ?Newton's first law states that, if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by force. This postulate is known as the law of inertia.
When a bus abruptly starts moving, the passengers tend to slide backward due to inertia, as the passenger's inertia tends to oppose the bus's forward motion. Hence, the passenger tends to fall back when the bus accelerates forward.
This is because of inertia of motion. The part of our body, which is in contact with the bus, changes the direction of motion. However, the rest of the body tries to move in the same direction as before because of inertia of motion.
When a moving bus breaks to a stop we fall in the forward direction due to inertia of motion and when the bus accelerates from rest, we fall in the backward direction due to inertia of rest.