Private aviation is exceptionally expensive due to the combination of massive capital investment and high recurring variable and fixed operating costs. The purchase price of a new mid-to-large cabin jet can range from $25 million to over $75 million. Beyond the initial buy-in, fuel is the single largest variable expense; a heavy jet can burn $2,000 to $4,000 worth of fuel per hour. Maintenance is also a significant factor, typically costing 5% to 10% of the aircraft's value annually to cover rigorous safety inspections and specialized parts. Fixed costs include crew salaries, with captains and first officers earning six-figure incomes, and hangar fees that can reach $200,000 per year depending on the location. Insurance premiums further add $20,000 to $100,000 annually. Finally, administrative costs for regulatory compliance and flight dispatching ensure that even when the plane is grounded, it continues to consume capital. For charterers, these costs are passed on through hourly rates that often start at $5,000 and can exceed $15,000 for transoceanic flights.