Why is Erie so shallow?

Remember the Great Lakes were scoured by glaciers, so the further south you go the less ice mass the glaciers would have carried. Notice how the southern portions of lakes Huron and Michigan are also the shallowest parts of the lakes, and Lake Superior, where the ice was thickest, is also the deepest Great Lake.



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Though the lake bottoms out at 210 feet, it averages only 62 feet deep. Because of its saucer-like shallowness, Lake Erie has a reputation among sailors of being quick to “kick up her heels,” raising waves of frightening size in even a modest gale.

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Lake Erie has a lake retention time of 2.6 years, the shortest of all the Great Lakes. The lake's surface area is 9,910 square miles (25,667 km2). Lake Erie's water level fluctuates with the seasons as in the other Great Lakes.

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Although small in volume, Lake Erie is a thriving, productive environment. It has survived challenges brought about by pollution, over-fishing, eutrophication, invasive species and harmful algal blooms.

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The major sources of phosphorus reductions were phosphorus outputs at wastewater plant discharges; eliminating phosphorous from laundry detergent; and no-till farming practices. Because of the phosphorus reductions, our Lake became much more clear and clean.

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While there is much to celebrate about the progress made to protect the Lake Erie, there is still much work to be done. The excessive nutrient load running into Lake Erie continues to cause unacceptable harmful algal blooms (HABs) every summer in the Western Basin.

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Because of the phosphorus reductions, our Lake became much more clear and clean. Fish flourished and Lake Erie became known as the “Walleye Capital of the World.” Tourists once again flocked to Lake Erie. Lake Erie became the greatest ecosystem recovery in the world.

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The pollution process was exacerbated by water flowing into the lake from various industrial cities. Detroit was home to factories that dumped acids, iron and oil wastes into the river that flowed into Lake Erie at its Western end. Runoffs from Cleveland farms carried wastes into the lake from its Southern end.

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Dead Zones This stratification of lake water is due to the different densities of water with temperature change. The bacterial activity increases as dead algae and other materials settle to the bottom of the lake. Since the hypolimnion is much smaller than the upper layers, the oxygen can be depleted during the summer.

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Lake Erie is the second smallest Great Lake by surface area, and the smallest by volume. Because of this, the water of Lake Erie also has the shortest residence time. Water in this lake replaces itself every 2.6 years, as opposed to Lake Superior, which takes two centuries.

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While at times Lake Erie can be flat and calm, as wind blows across Lake Erie's surface, energy is transferred from the wind to the water. This energy generates currents and builds waves.

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The cause of the algae blooms Lake Erie's algae blooms are caused by runoff pollution. This type of pollution occurs when rainfall washes fertilizer and manure spread on large farm fields into streams that flow into Lake Erie.

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Lake Erie has an astonishing 2,000-plus shipwrecks which is among the highest concentration of shipwrecks in the world. Only about 400 of Lake Erie's wrecks have ever been found. There are schooners, freighters, steamships, tugs and fishing boats among them.

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Lake Superior is the world's largest freshwater lake by area (31,700 mi2 /82,100 km2). It is also the coldest and deepest of the Great Lakes, with a maximum depth of 406 meters (1,332 feet). By most measures, it is the healthiest of all the Great Lakes.

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While it is doubtful the lake will face as drastic changes as it did during the Pleistocene Epoch, it is in fact likely that Niagara Falls will, in time, migrate up stream causing it to converge with Lake Erie waters. However by the time that takes place, the basin of Lake Erie will have lowered significantly.

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In the first half of 2023, Lake Erie's water levels are expected to be lower than in 2022 by anywhere from 6 inches to 14 inches, according to predictions from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers included in its December 2022 water level summary.

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The falls could be replaced by a series of rapids. 50,000 years from now, at the present rate of erosion, the remaining 20 miles to Lake Erie will have been undermined. There won't be a falls anymore, but there will still be a river at work.

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