The primary distinction between a sea and a lake in 2026 remains centered on geological formation, water salinity, and oceanic connectivity. Geographically, a sea is a vast body of saltwater that is partially enclosed by land but remains connected to the global ocean system. This connection allows for tidal movements and oceanic currents. In contrast, a lake is a body of water—either fresh or salt—that is entirely surrounded by land and has no direct natural link to the ocean. A famous "gray area" is the Caspian Sea, which is technically the world's largest lake because it is landlocked, despite its name and high salinity. Size also plays a role; seas typically cover hundreds of thousands of square miles (e.g., the Philippine Sea), whereas lakes are generally smaller, though exceptions like the Great Lakes exist. Essentially, if the water is landlocked, it is a lake; if it is a salty arm of the open ocean, it is a sea.